达赖喇嘛在美演讲自称马克思主义者

The Dalai Lama, appearing Thursday at a conservative Washington think tank, was asked by his hosts: How can people be happy and thrive in a free-market society?

达赖喇嘛周四参加了美国企业研究所(American Enterprise Institute)举办的活动，他被活动主办者问到：在市场自由化的社会中，人们如何才能快乐地生活？

A broad question -- but also a thorny one in this circumstance. The Dalai Lama calls himself a Marxist, while the American Enterprise Institute, where he was appearing, has a far different philosophy, saying its purpose is to expand individual opportunity and strengthen free enterprise.

这是一个很宽泛的问题，但考虑到提问背景，这也是一个很尖锐的问题。达赖说自己是马克思主义者，而美国企业研究却奉行截然不同的哲学，宣称其目标是帮助个体获得更多机会，并推进自由企业模式的发展。

So, how did the Tibetan spiritual leader and Buddhist monk answer? He acknowledged the power of self-interest to benefit society, but suggested that it has its limits.

那么，身为西藏精神领袖和佛教徒的达赖是如何回答的呢？达赖承认，利己主义的力量能使社会获益，但他认为这有其局限性。

'We are selfish. It's very important for our survival,' he said. 'But that selfish should be wise-selfish rather than foolish-selfish.'

他说，人是自私的，这对生存非常重要，但这种自私应该是智慧的利己行为，而不是愚蠢的利己行为。

Compassion and taking care of others are necessary qualities for people to be happy. 'The truest form of self-interest is taking care of other people,' he said.

他说，同情心与照顾他人都是使人幸福的必要品质，追求个人利益最真实的方式就是照顾他人。

The Dalai Lama also said he had gained respect for capitalism from discussions like Thursday's, and added that some of the free market's most important aspects--like individual initiative--rely on connections with other people.

达赖还说，从周四这种类型的讨论中，他产生了对资本主义的一些敬意。他补充道，自由市场的一些最重要层面（比如个人激励）还是要仰仗与他人的互动。

Columbia Business School Dean Glenn Hubbard, who was also part of the AEI panel, said he frequently begins his classes by asking his students, 'Why isn't the whole world rich?' Free enterprise is key both to economic success and to furthering the social goals the Dalai Lama discussed, he said.

哥伦比亚大学商学院(Columbia Business School)院长哈伯德(Glenn Hubbard)说，他经常在上课一开始时就问学生：为什么不是整个世界都富有？他认为，自由企业模式是至关重要的，对于取得经济成就和推进达赖所讨论的社会目标都是如此。哈伯德也是美国企业研究所一个委员会的成员，同时曾在布什(George W. Bush)任美国总统时担任白宫经济顾问委员会的主席。

'What sort of criteria are you using in terms of someone being rich?' the Dalai Lama asked, via his translator .

达赖通过自己的翻译向哈伯德提出了一个问题，即他使用何种标准来区分贫富。

'We have been very good at generating average growth. But not everybody is average,' replied Mr. Hubbard, who was chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers under President George W. Bush. 'Our goal ought to be to celebrate the success of free enterprise economies, but stretch that goal of success to an ideal of mass prosperity. I think that goal is morally right. I also think it's economically achievable.'

哈伯德答道，我们在实现财富平均增长方面做得非常好，但并不是每个人都能达到平均水平。他说，我们的目标应该是，在庆祝采取自由企业模式的经济体取得成功的同时，朝着实现大规模繁荣的理想目标迈进。他说，他认为这个目标在道德上是正当的，在经济上也可以实现。

For his part, the Dalai Lama emphasized the importance of peace. 'Peace only comes through our actions, not through wishful thinking or prayer,' he said. A happy world, he added, comes not from the government or from the United Nations, but from the individual.

达赖在讨论中强调了和平的重要性。他说，和平只能通过行动才能实现，而不是通过空想或是祈祷。他还说，一个幸福的世界不仅要由政府或联合国创造，也要由个体去争取。