关于美国金融制度情景对话
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关于美国金融制度情景对话一：
ka and the American banker continue their discussion of the financial and monetary system of the United States .
田中先生和美国银行家继续他们有关美国金融和货币制度的讨论。
Tanaka:I suppose that means that for all practical purposes the Fed controls the state chartered banks ,too.
田 中：我想，这就意味着，为了实际需要，美国联邦储备系统也控制着各个州立银行。
Banker:Yes,I would say that's correct Fed has the final authority on controlling the supply of money ,
银行家：我年，是这样的。美国联邦储备系统在控制货币发行方面有最终权威，
and that alone has a great impact on any bank .
并且单就这一点它也会对任何一个银行产生巨大影响。
T:You said earlier that the Fed issues the main currency of the country .
田 中：以前，您讲过美国联邦储备系统发行国内主要货币，
Do you mean that there are several forms of currency?
您是说，还有其他几种形式的货币同时存在吗?
B:Historically ,there have been a number of different issues of currency .
银行家：从历史上看，这里有许多不同的货币发行渠道。
Some notes have been issued by the Treasury and some by the Fed .
一些货币是由财政部发生的，一些是由联邦储备银行发行的。
Actually ,if you look carefully at the notes you have in your possession ,you 'll find some that say United States Note ,
实际上，您如果仔细察看您所拥有的纸币，就会发现，有些注明是美国的钞票，
some that say Federal Reserve Bank Note and even some that say National Bank Note .
有些是联邦储备银行的钞票，甚至还有的是国家银行的钞票，
These are all forms of old issues that are gradually being retired from circulation.
这些都是旧的发行渠道，可这些钞票正逐步地从流通领域中消失。
T:Therefore,the Federal Reserve Note is the main one today ?
田 中：因此，美国联邦储备银行发行的钞票是目前主要的货币形式。
B:Yes,that's right 's what we call fiat money or currency without any gold or silver backing .
银行家：是的，您说得对。这正是我们所说的没有任何金或银作为储备根据所发行的纸币或货币。
We all accept it as money because the government declares it to be money.
我们把它们当作金钱，因为政府宣布它们是金钱。
T;Yes,that's the same as the situation in Japan .I think that's true in all modern nations today .
田 中：是的，日本的情况也是同样如此。我想，当今所有的现代国家也都是如此情况。
B:Yes,in paper currency as well as coinage rn coins are called token money for that reason .
银行家：是的，无论是纸币还是硬币的发行都是照此办理的，为此，现代硬币被称之为“辅币”。
关于美国金融制度情景对话二：
Iwao Tanaka ,making his first business trip to the United States ,is talking to an American banker about the financial and monetary system of the U.S.
田中岩夫第一次因公出差工到美国，他正在与美国的一位银行家谈到美国金融和货币制度。
Tanaka:What is meant by the term Federal Reserve System ?Is that the central bank of the United States?
田 中：什么是美国联邦储蓄系统?它是美国的中央银行吗?
Banker :Technically it is not ,ka,but it functions in that capacity .
银行家：从法律上讲，它不是，田中先生。但是它发挥了那样的作用。
The Federal Reserve System ,or the Fed as it is usually called,is the fiscal agent of the United States .
美国联邦储备系统即平常称之为“联邦”的是美国财政机构。
It has authority to issure notes which are the main currency of the country ,
它有权发行作为国家主要货币的纸币，
to control the money supply and to supervise banks and banking practices in the country .
有权控制货仙的供应量，并有权监督国内银行及银行业务活动。
T;It's owned by the government ,isn't it ?
田 中：它属于政府所有，是吗?
B:No ,it isn't ally ,the Fed really consists of 12 banks which are owned by all the nationally chartered banks in their respective districts.
银行家：不是的。实际上，美国联邦储备系统包括十二家银行，这些银行都是由所在地区的国家立案银行掌握所有权。
But the supervisory board ,called the Board of Governors,is a government agency responsible to the Congress.
但是他被称为“总裁理事会”的具有监督作用的理事会是一个政府机构，它向国会负责。
T:What do you mean by nationally chartered banks?Don't all banks have to have charters?
田 中：您所说的国家立案的银行是什么意思?难道不是所有的银行都必须立案吗?
B:Yes,every bank must have a charter or license to do business we have a dual banking system here in the United States.
银行家：是的，每个银行都必须立案或者得到准许证才能营业。但是在美国，我们这里实行的是双重银行体制，
That means some banks are licensed by the Federal government and some by individual states.
就是说，有些银行是由联邦政府签发的准许证，而有些则是各个州签发的。
There are approximately 5,000 national banks and 10,000 state banks in the country .
在美国大约有5000所国立银行和10000所州立银行。
T:Are they all supervised by the Fed?
田 中：这些银行受美国联邦储备系统监督吗?
B:Only the national banks are .
银行家：不，只有国立银行是这样的。
